Emerald Economic Index System (EEIS) · Measuring the Black Economy
Primary Metrics
Business Metrics
Household Metrics
Year-over-Year Trends
Black Purchasing Power
2016-2025 · $ billions (consumer spending)
Black Employer Ownership Rates
2019-2025 · % of all firms
Black Business Revenue
2016-2025 · $ billions (output)
Loan Approval Rates
2021-2025 · historical trend
Details
Capital Access Details (2025)
Loan approval rate (2025)
47%
Venture capital to Black founders (2025)
1.2%
Black-owned bank assets (2025)
$8.2B
Number of Black-owned banks (2025)
22
CDFI loans to Black businesses (2025)
$1.8B
Business & Demographics (2025)
Total Black-owned employer firms
140,000
New firms (2025)
12,400
Total jobs at Black-owned firms
1.42M
Average employees per firm
10.2
Black business owner median age
48
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